Axe Making
with the
Ancient Forges
Group courses (between 3 and 6 people) are run out in the open using archaeologically reproduced Iron Age and Roman/Saxon forges, basically holes in the clay with charcoal and bellows! The whole process of making the axe is done using hand tools but there is no reason why you can’t turn out very good tools with this set up, despite the lack of mod-cons. Afterall, if it weren't possible we would never have progressed to where we are today!

These forges require a little more effort on the part of the operators than a modern forge, because when not actually forging you are likely to be pumping the bellows for your comrades. Time constraints are a little tighter due to the heat treating, but I still let YOU decide what you make, the only restriction is the metal we start with.

We start with a 1lb hammer head and a bit of ash (from my woods of course) and we gradually turn them into a small hatchet or adze.
Click on the images below for a better idea of what you could do. I've arranged them to show the whole process from forging through to carving and fitting a handle.  The second gallery is the rogues gallery, showing you a selection of former students and their finely crafted axes and adze!
Here are some of the axes and adze produced in the Iron Age forges. Most of the pictures includes the  axe that I made alongside the group.
booking and course enquiry
Examlpes of students' work
Start by getting the steel hot. Normally we start with a hammer head welded to a length of steel.By driving a tapered bar (a drift) through the eye of the hammer, we can open it out to the correct shape for an axe. Easier to do with a bit of help.Of course, REAL women swing the sledge hammer in one hand!Next the blade of the axe or adze is worked down using a sledge hammerFinal shaping and drawing out of the blade can be done by hand with a smaller hammeronce more with yours truly showing how its done!The rough shaped head is then normalised to relieve stress and refine the grain structure. This shot was taken during a final normalising cycle just prior to hardening (ie after the next step)Any irregularities in shape are field off and the head severed from the bar.The axe heads are quencheed in oil or tallow and then tempered in the embers of the forgeA slection of finished axe and adze heads. The end of Day 1Day 2. The handles are carved from a piece of sesoned cleft ash from my woods. Starting with axes...The shape of your handle is refined with draknives and rasps. Then the handle is fitted and the axe sharpened.Voila! Fiished axes and adze.
Axe making group in March 2008march 2008 axes